the liquefaction of the ICE
Write
not know, but perhaps the story that appeared in the newspaper "Clarín" of today's date, violates my chest a poet, he says eloquently have zero doubt that all items of a small poet since 1992 to date, ie since the Rio Summit and the future outlook, especially for Argentina, assumed proportions beyond what one could call great concern.
Our glacier "Ameghino" has been reduced by 35 meters in the last 10 years.
If we compare the photograph on the same glacier in 1931, clearly shows that we have already lost a staggering 3 miles.
no longer enough to assess whether we are able to reverse the rise in temperature, but ARGENTINA, by drinking water reservoir, you should take, now, considering that the great powers only concerned with oil, black gold to be coins for today and tomorrow uncontrollable disaster, the most urgent measures needed.
Poet, perhaps most fundamental ignorance, lack of technical words not only to warn but to demand.
However, there are some measures that would be indispensable, especially in Argentina and throughout the world, meaning to get to work without delay in many aspects that can at least mitigate the progress of the environmental temperature.
The concept of the poet passing year and 90 of their fate, nevertheless maintained his devotion, his love for our Mother Earth, can be taken, without delay!, Other measures outside you know the great scholars in the field, some who consign then himental principle to defend the Planet:
• Reforestation. For each tree should be planted two to boot.
• Using solar panels to generate power, easily achievable, considering the developments in Germany in this regard.
• Rapid deployment of wind energy, absolutely achievable. Some small towns in Argentina have successfully tried really suggestive, but not made known to the urgent need to do that we have.
• Mass production of vegetable oil, which, from development in Argentina, has been a small little factory, perhaps because economic interests maintain this fundamental advance in position not to proceed.
Apel, almost desperately, or specialists who could bring important for him.
I'm tired of saying: Let's do it now, tomorrow will be late.
Have we reached that morning? Rodolfo
Leiro, from its humble poet's desk, asked his friends the courtesy to send back this message.
From the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, 12 December 2010.
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
How Do You Do Arceus Event Pokemon Soul Silver
TRIALS - Treatment environmental information: the challenges of environmental journalism
Posted by: Chasqui American Journal of communication
Hernando José Antonio Alcocer
enormous economic development that emerged from the second half of the fifties of last century, has brought a progressive deterioration of the environment on our planet. Gradually, in response to these environmental problems, has been developing an environmental awareness among social groups increasingly numerous (especially in more developed societies). This growing environmental concern noted in the data provided some opinion polls: in Spain For example, a study by the Center for Sociological Research in 1997 gathered that 72 percent of the English considered an urgent and immediate environmental conservation, a recent survey for the year 2002 (conducted by the Institute of Youth) , showed that 88 percent of young people would be willing to work selflessly in defense of the environment.
means of public communication, in social institutions responsible for environmental monitoring, have established themselves as bearers and defenders of these norms and values \u200b\u200bthat each group strives to maintain or preserve. However, with this growing social concern issues environmental there appears to be a consistent response from the media. The poor treatment of these issues is justified communication institutions in the low priority the public attaches to this content, "the interest of the audience for science and the environment is nonexistent or, at best, passive in nature." (Martínez Valdés, M., 2003).
issues related to the environment are still not become part of the daily agenda of the media, compared to other events to which the intended MCM own spaces or sections (politics, society, culture, television, etc.).. When there are news about ecology or nature in the media, often do into sections such as Company or Local, instead of appearing under specific headings that give more to environmental problems. This lack of spaces on the media, environmental treatment, has helped to encourage specialization in journalism. The professionals in charge of the news on ecology are often specialists in other subjects (National, Local, etc.), And eventually, are makers of information on environmental issues. Until very recently, as noted by Arturo Larena (2002) "most of the journalists who were incorporated into this specialty information were self-taught who have specialized vocation and experience."
Today there seems to be from the Faculties of Information and Communication, a clear answer to remedy this lack of academic and professional training. As noted by Dr. Victoriano Garza Almanza communication (1999), this concern has arisen training first in the more developed countries, "in the U.S., more than 25 universities offer from courses and workshops to degrees or doctorates in science communication, science journalism environmental writing, environmental journalism, etc., aimed at journalists, researchers or people interested who want to learn to write on matters of science and the environment, or to make disclosure. "
also from the media themselves seem to begin to grant the environmental journalism professional status it deserves, and from this perspective is emerging from a concern for professionals trained in this scientific discipline. In this regard, the Association of Journalists Environmental Information organizes courses, meetings and seminars as well as having created the first scholarship to major in Environmental Journalism in Spain.
Environmental Information Processing.
With environmental information has been given the paradox that although since the company is growing interest in these issues from the media continues providing a poor response to this demand for information. As noted Martínez Valdés (2003), this has been due largely to "media makers are deciding for the audience before asking her if interested or not the issue." Currently in Spain none of the ten largest circulation daily newspaper offers a special section on the environment, and equally, very few radio and television programs on nature and ecology.
This lack of commitment of the institutions communicative with proper treatment of environmental information has certainly encouraged the audience apathy. This indifference, coupled with other factors as the scarcity of paper, the diversification of advertising, etc., has been reflected for example in the crisis of the literature on nature and environment. Following the English case, as pointed Joaquín Araujo, "in recent years have closed five journals Nature and Environment (Ecosystems, Ecology International, Scenes of the World, Biological and Earth)" which has meant that the number of readers has increased from 60,000 to more than a few thousand. The treatment
catastrophic preventive journalism
Following the treatment of ecological information, has been in the media tend to reduce environmental issues only to news reports and disasters. As noted by Professor Lozano Ascencio (1995), "we all know that the environmental information conveyed in the media, on many occasions, is in the wake of disasters that capture front pages and helps the citizen street pay attention to environmental issues. "
Reducing environmental issues catastrophic events finds its justification in that lack of specialization periodísitica. The lack of specific training to prevent journalists understand and manipulate the elements of the environmental sciences. This situation causes communicators choose the most part by the selection of those facts about disasters and natural disasters, leaving unfilled happenings of environmental significance less flashy but more critical.
Also, this treatment alarmist, on many occasions, has compared the risks contrasted with those purely hypothetical or nonexistent. And at the same time, this negative view has contributed to the media appear to the public as defenders of nature, once the disaster has already occurred, carrying out firefighting efforts.
activity in general information, and environment in particular, should have among its tasks the formation of the hearings on ethical values \u200b\u200band solidarity. This is what some authors called "preventive journalism." As Professor Vincent Romano (2003), "not only ascribed to the media to inform the task of disseminating knowledge. They are also responsible for the training of citizens, extending the democratic will, and critical awareness, differentiating. The fulfillment of this noble mission can be inferred from the contents. "
Public communication is called to play a decisive role in the disclosure of those aspects in line with a balanced development of resources to defend those policies based socio-economic processes and environment friendly technologies, and denouncing and criticizing government policies and business productive development which ignores and degrades the environment. Julen Rekondo (2003) defines environmental journalism as "journalism in establishing complicity with the citizen journalism constant appeal to the attitudes and behaviors of people, who call to action, to behavior modification. "
journalistic specialization
This preventive role requires professionalism on the part of those responsible for the media, especially journalists covering environmental issues. Environmental journalism should aim to train professionals specialized in the treatment of these issues, anticipating events, offering the greatest number of points of view, using sources, providing comprehensive data and information, etc.
The issues that shape the environmental agenda of the media are the most varied, their reference objects ranging from the disappearance of a plant or animal species, to pollution, desertification, the increase in hole the ozone layer or loss of biodiversity. Against this background, the reporter must select those items deemed of particular interest to the entire community.
The environmental community needs to understand and manipulate the elements of environmental science to grant adequate social events transcendence, and to put them in their political, economic, cultural and historical. Should provide an impartial, objective and rigorous assessment of the facts, away from the militant journalism and interested. In its work is needed in an ethical manner and thus act in an ethical manner of reporting.
relationships with news sources
environmental issues, as affecting the population as a whole can not be explained in isolation from the political, economic, cultural, etc. It would be affected. Media media must assess these relationships, and perform a task of mediation between the political and economic institutions, social partners involved in protecting the environment and the public.
To carry out this work is necessary for mediating the relations between different levels are based on trust and mutual need. But unfortunately, the reality has often been quite different: the relationship between political institutions and economic and other social actors involved in environmental issues have been governed by a certain darkness and a lack of fluency. It is also true that since political institutions each time is given more importance to communication issues. As stated from the website of the National Ecology Institute of Mexico, "is essential to have efficient mechanisms to link information society, capable of transmitting what is being done in this area, which means the instruments of policy, programs , plans and decisions are taken regarding the matter. Occasionally, MCM, when defending certain environmental policy initiatives have been carried away by their political adherence (the distance from a particular party or government), rather than a critical view on the true reality of these initiatives on the whole society. "
A clear example of these obscure information practices we find in news coverage that gave the English media about the sinking of the tanker Prestige off the coast of Galicia in 2003. According to the Environmental Movement "treatment of information by official sources, the public media and some private media has been shameful, distorting, manipulating and untruthfully on numerous occasions. Because of this situation has had to rely on sources other European states. The absence of accurate information and attempts to minimize the disaster through the media have been compared, strongly, with the mobilization of citizens against the black tide of mismanagement ... For this and other disasters is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the information from sources and agencies, as well as his journalistic treatment rigorous, open and plural, especially in the public media. "
Despite these information practices interested the different institutions responsible for reporting on the environmental surroundings seem to understand the need for independence between reporters and sources, as noted from the Mexican Institute said: "environmental authorities we have to report more and better, while the media their part to act with real awareness of its social function. "
New scenarios of environmental disclosure
The White Paper on Environmental Education in Spain (1999) suggested guidelines to promote responsible behavior, especially in television programs (cartoons, comedies, soap operas, etc.). The introduction of environmental arguments in children's programs or fiction can contribute to the popularization of environment in audiences of all ages.
Another of the recommendations referred to another of the media less frequently used in environmental diffusion: the movies. Besides eco-film documentary enjoys little acceptance, there have been few films about environmental issues. Although in the light of public response to some of them, such as Romancing the Stone (1984), Erin Brokovich (2000) and The Day After Tomorrow (2004), seems a suitable medium from which to promote environmental awareness.
Internet, a new scenario for environmental communication
New information technologies, especially Internet, are making a revolutionary change in the global information landscape. Although you still need to define the model of development of these technologies, what seems evident is that they are transforming the treatment environmental information. The use of these new expressive resources that will promote to audiences unfamiliar with these new models of socialization (children and young people) are made aware of environmental problems.
Internet and new technologies are expanding the bounds of environmental information, allowing views from local to global. The enormous possibilities for dissemination, and their expressive capabilities (multimedia) and participatory new media make these ideal scenarios from which to disseminate these issues.
The bodies involved in environmental issues have not been beyond the possibilities of distributing them Internet offers. Both political institutions (examples: National Institute of Ecology of Mexico (http://www.ine.gob.mx/), Ministry of Environment of Spain. (Http://www.mma.es/), etc. ), as environmental organizations (examples: Greenpeace (http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/), Alliance for Protection of Forests (http://www.rainforest-alliance.org), Adena (http:// / www.wwf.es), etc) and media (examples: Biodiversity in Latin America (http://www.biodiversidadla.org/index.htm) Econatura magazine (http://www.econatura. org /), etc.), have been quick to position themselves in these new shopfront the intention of contributing to environmental awareness of the population.
Posted by: Chasqui American Journal of communication
Hernando José Antonio Alcocer
enormous economic development that emerged from the second half of the fifties of last century, has brought a progressive deterioration of the environment on our planet. Gradually, in response to these environmental problems, has been developing an environmental awareness among social groups increasingly numerous (especially in more developed societies). This growing environmental concern noted in the data provided some opinion polls: in Spain For example, a study by the Center for Sociological Research in 1997 gathered that 72 percent of the English considered an urgent and immediate environmental conservation, a recent survey for the year 2002 (conducted by the Institute of Youth) , showed that 88 percent of young people would be willing to work selflessly in defense of the environment.
means of public communication, in social institutions responsible for environmental monitoring, have established themselves as bearers and defenders of these norms and values \u200b\u200bthat each group strives to maintain or preserve. However, with this growing social concern issues environmental there appears to be a consistent response from the media. The poor treatment of these issues is justified communication institutions in the low priority the public attaches to this content, "the interest of the audience for science and the environment is nonexistent or, at best, passive in nature." (Martínez Valdés, M., 2003).
issues related to the environment are still not become part of the daily agenda of the media, compared to other events to which the intended MCM own spaces or sections (politics, society, culture, television, etc.).. When there are news about ecology or nature in the media, often do into sections such as Company or Local, instead of appearing under specific headings that give more to environmental problems. This lack of spaces on the media, environmental treatment, has helped to encourage specialization in journalism. The professionals in charge of the news on ecology are often specialists in other subjects (National, Local, etc.), And eventually, are makers of information on environmental issues. Until very recently, as noted by Arturo Larena (2002) "most of the journalists who were incorporated into this specialty information were self-taught who have specialized vocation and experience."
Today there seems to be from the Faculties of Information and Communication, a clear answer to remedy this lack of academic and professional training. As noted by Dr. Victoriano Garza Almanza communication (1999), this concern has arisen training first in the more developed countries, "in the U.S., more than 25 universities offer from courses and workshops to degrees or doctorates in science communication, science journalism environmental writing, environmental journalism, etc., aimed at journalists, researchers or people interested who want to learn to write on matters of science and the environment, or to make disclosure. "
also from the media themselves seem to begin to grant the environmental journalism professional status it deserves, and from this perspective is emerging from a concern for professionals trained in this scientific discipline. In this regard, the Association of Journalists Environmental Information organizes courses, meetings and seminars as well as having created the first scholarship to major in Environmental Journalism in Spain.
Environmental Information Processing.
With environmental information has been given the paradox that although since the company is growing interest in these issues from the media continues providing a poor response to this demand for information. As noted Martínez Valdés (2003), this has been due largely to "media makers are deciding for the audience before asking her if interested or not the issue." Currently in Spain none of the ten largest circulation daily newspaper offers a special section on the environment, and equally, very few radio and television programs on nature and ecology.
This lack of commitment of the institutions communicative with proper treatment of environmental information has certainly encouraged the audience apathy. This indifference, coupled with other factors as the scarcity of paper, the diversification of advertising, etc., has been reflected for example in the crisis of the literature on nature and environment. Following the English case, as pointed Joaquín Araujo, "in recent years have closed five journals Nature and Environment (Ecosystems, Ecology International, Scenes of the World, Biological and Earth)" which has meant that the number of readers has increased from 60,000 to more than a few thousand. The treatment
catastrophic preventive journalism
Following the treatment of ecological information, has been in the media tend to reduce environmental issues only to news reports and disasters. As noted by Professor Lozano Ascencio (1995), "we all know that the environmental information conveyed in the media, on many occasions, is in the wake of disasters that capture front pages and helps the citizen street pay attention to environmental issues. "
Reducing environmental issues catastrophic events finds its justification in that lack of specialization periodísitica. The lack of specific training to prevent journalists understand and manipulate the elements of the environmental sciences. This situation causes communicators choose the most part by the selection of those facts about disasters and natural disasters, leaving unfilled happenings of environmental significance less flashy but more critical.
Also, this treatment alarmist, on many occasions, has compared the risks contrasted with those purely hypothetical or nonexistent. And at the same time, this negative view has contributed to the media appear to the public as defenders of nature, once the disaster has already occurred, carrying out firefighting efforts.
activity in general information, and environment in particular, should have among its tasks the formation of the hearings on ethical values \u200b\u200band solidarity. This is what some authors called "preventive journalism." As Professor Vincent Romano (2003), "not only ascribed to the media to inform the task of disseminating knowledge. They are also responsible for the training of citizens, extending the democratic will, and critical awareness, differentiating. The fulfillment of this noble mission can be inferred from the contents. "
Public communication is called to play a decisive role in the disclosure of those aspects in line with a balanced development of resources to defend those policies based socio-economic processes and environment friendly technologies, and denouncing and criticizing government policies and business productive development which ignores and degrades the environment. Julen Rekondo (2003) defines environmental journalism as "journalism in establishing complicity with the citizen journalism constant appeal to the attitudes and behaviors of people, who call to action, to behavior modification. "
journalistic specialization
This preventive role requires professionalism on the part of those responsible for the media, especially journalists covering environmental issues. Environmental journalism should aim to train professionals specialized in the treatment of these issues, anticipating events, offering the greatest number of points of view, using sources, providing comprehensive data and information, etc.
The issues that shape the environmental agenda of the media are the most varied, their reference objects ranging from the disappearance of a plant or animal species, to pollution, desertification, the increase in hole the ozone layer or loss of biodiversity. Against this background, the reporter must select those items deemed of particular interest to the entire community.
The environmental community needs to understand and manipulate the elements of environmental science to grant adequate social events transcendence, and to put them in their political, economic, cultural and historical. Should provide an impartial, objective and rigorous assessment of the facts, away from the militant journalism and interested. In its work is needed in an ethical manner and thus act in an ethical manner of reporting.
relationships with news sources
environmental issues, as affecting the population as a whole can not be explained in isolation from the political, economic, cultural, etc. It would be affected. Media media must assess these relationships, and perform a task of mediation between the political and economic institutions, social partners involved in protecting the environment and the public.
To carry out this work is necessary for mediating the relations between different levels are based on trust and mutual need. But unfortunately, the reality has often been quite different: the relationship between political institutions and economic and other social actors involved in environmental issues have been governed by a certain darkness and a lack of fluency. It is also true that since political institutions each time is given more importance to communication issues. As stated from the website of the National Ecology Institute of Mexico, "is essential to have efficient mechanisms to link information society, capable of transmitting what is being done in this area, which means the instruments of policy, programs , plans and decisions are taken regarding the matter. Occasionally, MCM, when defending certain environmental policy initiatives have been carried away by their political adherence (the distance from a particular party or government), rather than a critical view on the true reality of these initiatives on the whole society. "
A clear example of these obscure information practices we find in news coverage that gave the English media about the sinking of the tanker Prestige off the coast of Galicia in 2003. According to the Environmental Movement "treatment of information by official sources, the public media and some private media has been shameful, distorting, manipulating and untruthfully on numerous occasions. Because of this situation has had to rely on sources other European states. The absence of accurate information and attempts to minimize the disaster through the media have been compared, strongly, with the mobilization of citizens against the black tide of mismanagement ... For this and other disasters is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the information from sources and agencies, as well as his journalistic treatment rigorous, open and plural, especially in the public media. "
Despite these information practices interested the different institutions responsible for reporting on the environmental surroundings seem to understand the need for independence between reporters and sources, as noted from the Mexican Institute said: "environmental authorities we have to report more and better, while the media their part to act with real awareness of its social function. "
New scenarios of environmental disclosure
The White Paper on Environmental Education in Spain (1999) suggested guidelines to promote responsible behavior, especially in television programs (cartoons, comedies, soap operas, etc.). The introduction of environmental arguments in children's programs or fiction can contribute to the popularization of environment in audiences of all ages.
Another of the recommendations referred to another of the media less frequently used in environmental diffusion: the movies. Besides eco-film documentary enjoys little acceptance, there have been few films about environmental issues. Although in the light of public response to some of them, such as Romancing the Stone (1984), Erin Brokovich (2000) and The Day After Tomorrow (2004), seems a suitable medium from which to promote environmental awareness.
Internet, a new scenario for environmental communication
New information technologies, especially Internet, are making a revolutionary change in the global information landscape. Although you still need to define the model of development of these technologies, what seems evident is that they are transforming the treatment environmental information. The use of these new expressive resources that will promote to audiences unfamiliar with these new models of socialization (children and young people) are made aware of environmental problems.
Internet and new technologies are expanding the bounds of environmental information, allowing views from local to global. The enormous possibilities for dissemination, and their expressive capabilities (multimedia) and participatory new media make these ideal scenarios from which to disseminate these issues.
The bodies involved in environmental issues have not been beyond the possibilities of distributing them Internet offers. Both political institutions (examples: National Institute of Ecology of Mexico (http://www.ine.gob.mx/), Ministry of Environment of Spain. (Http://www.mma.es/), etc. ), as environmental organizations (examples: Greenpeace (http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/), Alliance for Protection of Forests (http://www.rainforest-alliance.org), Adena (http:// / www.wwf.es), etc) and media (examples: Biodiversity in Latin America (http://www.biodiversidadla.org/index.htm) Econatura magazine (http://www.econatura. org /), etc.), have been quick to position themselves in these new shopfront the intention of contributing to environmental awareness of the population.
www.miguelangelpuentes.blogspot.com www.aladecuervo.net www.elementolibre.blogspot.com www.medicinaocupacinal.blogspot.com www.movimientoecologico.com.ve
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Red Spots In New Tattoo
Soil burning
mines buried during the war of the Sahara are a danger for the Sahrawi people
estimated along the wall is buried about ten million of these devices
A group of activators Mine walks on dangerous ground line near the town of Tifariti, with limited means and experience and caution
IS a scary feeling. When the ground you walk on the platform on which you move, when your whole habitat becomes unstable and dangerous, your life becomes a macabre lottery at best can lead to an ongoing state of schizophrenia. In the Sahara, thousands of people are gripped by the silent threat and groundwater, and a few dozen dedicated body and soul to eradicate: they are the teams off.
Ever since the first victim of mine, back in November 1975 (coinciding with Moroccan invasion), the number of dead and wounded who have collected artifacts has not stopped growing. Since the cease-fire, 44 people have fallen victim to these traps underground and unpredictable.
Nobody knows the exact number of mines have been planted along the defensive wall that the Moroccan army built in the 80's. While some studies speak a hundred thousand units, the least optimistic (including experts from the Pentagon -EE.UU. -) raise this figure to ten million. Thus, some NGOs put the African country in the Top Ten of the countries most contaminated by this type of explosives, competing with areas like Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Angola or Bosnia-Herzegovina.
A recent study estimates that in the Sahara can be counted more than 53 models of antipersonnel and antitank mines, a sum that represents almost 20% of all types and models of known mines in the history of mankind. Most mines are hidden in Saharan soil from Italy, Belgium and France, although not the only providers (Spain is also among them.) Cold sweat
The distilled by the de-miners is not a normal sweat. Mata Mulana discovers Sidi, who has spent four years as coordinator of the four brigades operating in the deactivation mines in the territories liberated by the Polisario, about 18 miles from the Moroccan Wall. "With the summer heat becomes unbearable this work. The normal sweat is hot, but sometimes you realize that you sweat out is cool, I guess that's the tension," says military boasting a perfect English. Sidi
works for Landmine Action, a British NGO that since 2006 is trying to demine one of the harshest deserts on Earth and unpredictable. "It's terrible, do not know how many mines are buried here, although we have some fairly rigorous studies conducted over the past years. But in some places are of little use, because rainfall and dunes with the wind change places, and with them the mines. Our best detectors are nomads and animals that go with them, "he laments.
Sidi is in charge of demining the region of Tifariti, a small village lost in the desert that is 500 kilometers from the refugee camps of Tindouf ( Algeria). Tifariti is a historic place for the Sahrawi people. There was fought one of the fiercest fighting of the last war, made landfall there the first refugees who fled the Moroccan offensive, and that they want to return when the conflict ends. It is the land left behind, the perennial desire of all Saharawi.
Sidi has a team of eleven people to carry out their dangerous work, is charged with eight operators (two women), a driver, a deputy and a doctor, all military or former military. In the past four years have cleared 80,000 square meters of land, an area ten times larger than the entire Basque Country. The work is hard, slow and dangerous: "We are moving soon and we'll always protected by a vest, which is more placebo effect than anything else, because if one of these mines explodes while you are manipulating ... They can reach a radius of hundred meters. Imagine. Little can be done. Fortunately we have not had to mourn victims in these four years, because security measures are extreme. "
Right. The "contaminated" areas are marked with ropes and stakes of colors, depending on their dangerousness. Then go locating mines or bombs, and the third phase are destroyed or disabled. "Some can not turn them off and they put an explosive charge to destroy them," said the soldier. Operators work
sausages in a heavy blue jacket and head protection be worn a white helmet. Anyway, the red couch lying along the activators no longer a disturbing element. "The Tifariti hospital is two hours from here, and if someone is injured must be addressed immediately," says the head of the camp, "by that we carry with us a doctor and enough material to cover an injured right away. "
The first error is the last
" Now we will walk in single file. Do not touch anything and if something explodes, do not move. "Indications of Sidi Mulana not reassure anyone, and are a true reflection of the danger these people every day." In our group we have had no accidents, and more so, because Here the first error may be the last, "says the military off the gesture of one who has seen almost everything. He adds:" Every year we know of an incident, and we must work towards this end. We are proud to serve our country. Some day we will return to this earth and then we want everything to be clean, so that our people do not take more risk and do not suffer anymore than it already has had to suffer. "
What remains is a lot, but are prepared for the huge task: "The desert is full of junk, and clean everything is going to take decades. Think we can clear an area of \u200b\u200babout 25 square meters per hour. That for the bombs, but if what we are trying to defuse mines, the work slows down and we need a whole day to the same space. Sometimes there is a bomb, is another metal object, but you have to treat it like a bomb and every action takes a long time, "describes Sidi.
The Tifariti team members work for two months straight, Monday to Sunday, eight hours a day, and after two weeks rest, while taking advantage to visit their families, who are scattered in camps in Tindouf. Sidi is keen to return with his wife, who welcomed the work of her husband. "I'd rather not talk about it," spits the Saharawi military while walking on the slate floor, always with his head slanted down and the gesture of someone seeking ghosts among the rocks.
source: deia. Com
mines buried during the war of the Sahara are a danger for the Sahrawi people
estimated along the wall is buried about ten million of these devices
A group of activators Mine walks on dangerous ground line near the town of Tifariti, with limited means and experience and caution
IS a scary feeling. When the ground you walk on the platform on which you move, when your whole habitat becomes unstable and dangerous, your life becomes a macabre lottery at best can lead to an ongoing state of schizophrenia. In the Sahara, thousands of people are gripped by the silent threat and groundwater, and a few dozen dedicated body and soul to eradicate: they are the teams off.
Ever since the first victim of mine, back in November 1975 (coinciding with Moroccan invasion), the number of dead and wounded who have collected artifacts has not stopped growing. Since the cease-fire, 44 people have fallen victim to these traps underground and unpredictable.
Nobody knows the exact number of mines have been planted along the defensive wall that the Moroccan army built in the 80's. While some studies speak a hundred thousand units, the least optimistic (including experts from the Pentagon -EE.UU. -) raise this figure to ten million. Thus, some NGOs put the African country in the Top Ten of the countries most contaminated by this type of explosives, competing with areas like Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Angola or Bosnia-Herzegovina.
A recent study estimates that in the Sahara can be counted more than 53 models of antipersonnel and antitank mines, a sum that represents almost 20% of all types and models of known mines in the history of mankind. Most mines are hidden in Saharan soil from Italy, Belgium and France, although not the only providers (Spain is also among them.) Cold sweat
The distilled by the de-miners is not a normal sweat. Mata Mulana discovers Sidi, who has spent four years as coordinator of the four brigades operating in the deactivation mines in the territories liberated by the Polisario, about 18 miles from the Moroccan Wall. "With the summer heat becomes unbearable this work. The normal sweat is hot, but sometimes you realize that you sweat out is cool, I guess that's the tension," says military boasting a perfect English. Sidi
works for Landmine Action, a British NGO that since 2006 is trying to demine one of the harshest deserts on Earth and unpredictable. "It's terrible, do not know how many mines are buried here, although we have some fairly rigorous studies conducted over the past years. But in some places are of little use, because rainfall and dunes with the wind change places, and with them the mines. Our best detectors are nomads and animals that go with them, "he laments.
Sidi is in charge of demining the region of Tifariti, a small village lost in the desert that is 500 kilometers from the refugee camps of Tindouf ( Algeria). Tifariti is a historic place for the Sahrawi people. There was fought one of the fiercest fighting of the last war, made landfall there the first refugees who fled the Moroccan offensive, and that they want to return when the conflict ends. It is the land left behind, the perennial desire of all Saharawi.
Sidi has a team of eleven people to carry out their dangerous work, is charged with eight operators (two women), a driver, a deputy and a doctor, all military or former military. In the past four years have cleared 80,000 square meters of land, an area ten times larger than the entire Basque Country. The work is hard, slow and dangerous: "We are moving soon and we'll always protected by a vest, which is more placebo effect than anything else, because if one of these mines explodes while you are manipulating ... They can reach a radius of hundred meters. Imagine. Little can be done. Fortunately we have not had to mourn victims in these four years, because security measures are extreme. "
Right. The "contaminated" areas are marked with ropes and stakes of colors, depending on their dangerousness. Then go locating mines or bombs, and the third phase are destroyed or disabled. "Some can not turn them off and they put an explosive charge to destroy them," said the soldier. Operators work
sausages in a heavy blue jacket and head protection be worn a white helmet. Anyway, the red couch lying along the activators no longer a disturbing element. "The Tifariti hospital is two hours from here, and if someone is injured must be addressed immediately," says the head of the camp, "by that we carry with us a doctor and enough material to cover an injured right away. "
The first error is the last
" Now we will walk in single file. Do not touch anything and if something explodes, do not move. "Indications of Sidi Mulana not reassure anyone, and are a true reflection of the danger these people every day." In our group we have had no accidents, and more so, because Here the first error may be the last, "says the military off the gesture of one who has seen almost everything. He adds:" Every year we know of an incident, and we must work towards this end. We are proud to serve our country. Some day we will return to this earth and then we want everything to be clean, so that our people do not take more risk and do not suffer anymore than it already has had to suffer. "
What remains is a lot, but are prepared for the huge task: "The desert is full of junk, and clean everything is going to take decades. Think we can clear an area of \u200b\u200babout 25 square meters per hour. That for the bombs, but if what we are trying to defuse mines, the work slows down and we need a whole day to the same space. Sometimes there is a bomb, is another metal object, but you have to treat it like a bomb and every action takes a long time, "describes Sidi.
The Tifariti team members work for two months straight, Monday to Sunday, eight hours a day, and after two weeks rest, while taking advantage to visit their families, who are scattered in camps in Tindouf. Sidi is keen to return with his wife, who welcomed the work of her husband. "I'd rather not talk about it," spits the Saharawi military while walking on the slate floor, always with his head slanted down and the gesture of someone seeking ghosts among the rocks.
source: deia. Com
Thursday, December 2, 2010
Bell Nortel Phone 350
The (CIA) "Central Intelligence Agency" warned in a letter sent to the House White against the arms race in Morocco
In an urgent letter sent to the White House about the issue related to the axis Morocco-Algeria-Spain. The CIA noted that Morocco has alerted its forces in southern Morocco, who are ready to lead a military attack against the Polisario Front at any time if it tried to take any action against Morocco. According to information available to the CIA, Morocco, even willing to continue against the Polisario Front in Algeria sovereign territory.
According to this source, senior Moroccan officials have asked the staff the roadmap Royal Armed Forces in the stage of this operation and its possible consequences. The CIA has shown, moreover, the large number of arms contracts signed by attracting Majzen attention and makes one wonder. The sending of the correspondence at a time when Morocco blasts everything that includes Algeria, the Polisario Front, Spain, the European Parliament and various humanitarian organizations such as Human Rights Watch denounced the massacres committed by the Moroccan army in the Sahara West. Morocco has occupied to send their associations and political parties to the streets to protest against the international position, they want to solve this case of colonization of Western Sahara. The latter also wants to curb the legitimate demand of the Saharawi people to self determination. The mapping of the CIA came after the testimony of several Moroccan officials confessed that Morocco has increased the budget for the military. In fact, 9500000000 Moroccan dirhams have been allocated to the purchase of military equipment and supplies, and more than 10 million dirhams to build new military bases, the rehabilitation of barracks and military schools, and further modernization of the military hospitals. In addition, the Makhzen not hide the fact that their arms race is connected with the latest developments on the question of Western Sahara. While the CIA warned of a possible war, voices are raised in Morocco and stressed that Morocco is ready to face any eventuality. Further recalling that Morocco has signed a contract to buy 24 U.S. warplanes F 16 for a zero value 233, $ 6 million. Another contract was signed for the purchase of aircraft type C 27 J Spartan for 130 million euros. Emphasizing the same context as the Moroccan army, has 48 Russian tanks T-Type 72, 300 U.S. tanks type M 60, and more than 440 armored troop carriers type M 113.
source: saharalibre
In an urgent letter sent to the White House about the issue related to the axis Morocco-Algeria-Spain. The CIA noted that Morocco has alerted its forces in southern Morocco, who are ready to lead a military attack against the Polisario Front at any time if it tried to take any action against Morocco. According to information available to the CIA, Morocco, even willing to continue against the Polisario Front in Algeria sovereign territory.
According to this source, senior Moroccan officials have asked the staff the roadmap Royal Armed Forces in the stage of this operation and its possible consequences. The CIA has shown, moreover, the large number of arms contracts signed by attracting Majzen attention and makes one wonder. The sending of the correspondence at a time when Morocco blasts everything that includes Algeria, the Polisario Front, Spain, the European Parliament and various humanitarian organizations such as Human Rights Watch denounced the massacres committed by the Moroccan army in the Sahara West. Morocco has occupied to send their associations and political parties to the streets to protest against the international position, they want to solve this case of colonization of Western Sahara. The latter also wants to curb the legitimate demand of the Saharawi people to self determination. The mapping of the CIA came after the testimony of several Moroccan officials confessed that Morocco has increased the budget for the military. In fact, 9500000000 Moroccan dirhams have been allocated to the purchase of military equipment and supplies, and more than 10 million dirhams to build new military bases, the rehabilitation of barracks and military schools, and further modernization of the military hospitals. In addition, the Makhzen not hide the fact that their arms race is connected with the latest developments on the question of Western Sahara. While the CIA warned of a possible war, voices are raised in Morocco and stressed that Morocco is ready to face any eventuality. Further recalling that Morocco has signed a contract to buy 24 U.S. warplanes F 16 for a zero value 233, $ 6 million. Another contract was signed for the purchase of aircraft type C 27 J Spartan for 130 million euros. Emphasizing the same context as the Moroccan army, has 48 Russian tanks T-Type 72, 300 U.S. tanks type M 60, and more than 440 armored troop carriers type M 113.
source: saharalibre
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